Why Did The British Lose The Revolutionary War - 1187 Words

Why Did The British Lose the Revolutionary War? Many factors contributed to the British losing the American Revolutionary War. By the 1770’s the American colonists were not socially, religiously, or culturally connected to Britain. The colonists has their own ways of life and thus were not British by culture. The majority of the colonists had immigrated to America to escape the rigid class structures of Britain and Europe. The Americans had lived independently and autonomously from Great Britain since the Puritans arrived in Massachusetts in 1620. They had developed their own patriotism and did not consider themselves to be British subjects. Thus, they no longer wanted or needed Britain, for the British were like foreigners in America. After having years of benign British neglect, and after capably governing themselves, the people in the American colonies were not pleased when the British Parliament decided after the end of the successful end of the French Indian War in 1763 to become more engaged in the American colonists’ affairs. The British government wanted to protect the American colonies from future Indian and other attacks. Consequently, the British Parliament imposed taxation on the colonists in the 1760’s. The colonists resented this intrusion, for they felt they were not truly represented in the British government. Taxation without representation became the rallying cry of the colonists. On July 2, 1776, the American Continental Congress inShow MoreRelatedA Comparison Of The American And Vietnam Revolutionary Wars And The Use Of Insergency1500 Words   |  6 Pages H502 HISTORY OF INSURGENCY: A COMPARISON OF THE AMERICAN AND VIETNAM REVOLUTIONARY WARS AND THE USE OF INSERGENCY CW4 Joseph, Stephen E WOSSE: 16-006B 26 September 2016 Table of Contents A Nation for Change 1 A Revolutionary War 1 Liberating a Revolutionary War 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 A Nation for Change No one person wakes in the morning and decides to tackle years of institutional rule without thinking certain doom, discomfort, or in some cases, death. Citizens living duringRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution863 Words   |  4 Pagesway is that the colonists that had money and were known as the elite were trying to preserve their power from the British and this is what caused the revolutionary war. 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Answers Lab10 RespPhysiology - 1763 Words

M37_MARI0000_00_SE_CH37.qxd 3/29/11 2:34 PM Page 237 R E V I E W S H E E T NAME ____________________________________ EXERCISE LAB TIME/DATE _______________________ 37 Respiratory System Physiology Mechanics of Respiration 1. For each of the following cases, check the column appropriate to your observations on the operation of the model lung. Diaphragm pushed up Change Increased Decreased âÅ"“ âÅ"“ âÅ"“ âÅ"“ In the size of the balloons (lungs) In direction of air flow Increased âÅ"“ In internal volume of the bell jar (thoracic cage) In internal pressure Decreased Diaphragm pulled down Into lungs Out of lungs âÅ"“ âÅ"“ Into lungs âÅ"“ Out of lungs 2. Base your answers to the following on your observations in question 1. Under what†¦show more content†¦11. Which respiratory ailments can respiratory volume tests be used to detect? Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (often associated). Chronic bronchitis ↓ the volume of air that can be inhaled due to excessive mucus production; emphysema ↓ the amount of air that can be exhaled (check-valve effect). 12. Using an appropriate reference, complete the chart below. O2 CO2 N2 Inspired ~21% ~0.04% ~78% Expired ~16% ~4% ~78% % of composition of air Factors Influencing Rate and Depth of Respiration 13. Where are the neural control centers of respiratory rhythm? medulla oblongata and pons For questions 14–21, use your Activity 6 data (the pneumograph-physiograph recording or visual count). 14. In your data, what was the rate of quiet breathing? Initial testing (student data) breaths/min Record observations of how the initial pneumograph recording was modified during the various testing procedures described below. Indicate the respiratory rate, and include comments on the relative depth of the respiratory peaks observed. Test performed Observations Talking Respiratory rate becomes irregular during talking. Yawning Yawning is reflected by extremely deep prolonged inspiration. Laughing Respiratory rate becomes irregular. Respiratory depth may be ↑ or ↓ depending on the nature of the laugh. Standing Concentrating Regular rhythm and

Metaphorical importance in the poem Essay Example For Students

Metaphorical importance in the poem Essay Although the goblins depict Rossettis opinion of men as sly, scheming creatures, they also refer back to the fairy tale context of the poem. The personification of the goblins would appeal to children as they often appear in fairy tales and folklore. References to the goblins as little men, hobbling down the glen create an image illustrative of a childs imagination and enforce the child like mask the poem uses. The use of the goblin metaphor would appeal greatly to children, but it would be more obvious to an older reader that the goblins are an ongoing metaphor for Rossettis opinions of men. The goblins are not enough to justify the opinion of Goblin Market being for children. Having discussed the fairytale aspects, on the other end of the scale there are frequent references to a sexual nature. The lines that read Tore her gown and soiled her stocking, and Clawed with their nails, Barking, mewing, hissing, mocking could be suggesting rape. Christina Rossetti had worked in High Gate Penitentiary, a business devoted to saving lost and loose women, as she has had experience of working with women whove been raped she decided to include this in her poetry. There is also a mention of violence, streaked her neck which quaked like curd. These references would not have been seen as a description of rape through the eyes of a nineteenth century child. The use of the terms sucking and She sucked until her lips were sore create very explicit imagery. This would not seem at all like a sexual reference to a child of the nineteenth century, but as previously pointed out it would be seen very clearly as a reference to sex by the youth of today. Toward the end of the poem a line uttered by Laura, Hug me, kiss me, suck my juices create another explicit sexual image. This I see as unsuitable for children, and therefore it becomes more apparent that Rossetti did not necessarily intend the poem for children. The continuing references to sex and sexuality distance the poem from being simply a verse for children. From these images of sex and violence we can make the justified opinion that Goblin Market was possibly meant for both adults and children. Through research into Christina Rossetti it is apparent that she was deeply religious. It is no surprise then that religious references are found in her poetry. The reference to the fruits that are consumed by the girls could well be a metaphor for the forbidden fruit that tempted Eve in the creation story of the Bible. However, the fruits may also be a metaphor representing the drug Laudanum, which the Pre-Raphaelite models would constantly use. Also, it describes Lizzie and Laura appearing like angels when sleeping, Golden head by golden head Folded in each others wings. As we know, angels are often seen as religious creatures, appearing in the Bible, and they are often used to describe purity and virginity. These religious references can be identified easily in the poem, and engage both younger and older readers. The use of two female characters may have some reference to the male dominated society in Victorian Britain. There are no significant female heroes in English literature up to the time of Rossetti. Female protagonists exist, like Elizabeth in Austens Pride and Prejudice, but they have no outlet for heroic action. They are bound by the gender-roles into which a male-dominated society had placed them. In Goblin Market, Rossetti builds a basic framework of behaviour in which a female hero (or heroin) might operate. Rossettis attempts are to some degree successful, though she fails to solve the problem completely. The use of the female characters also allows Rossetti to comment upon the treatment of women by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. While the goblin men bully Lizzie, it is said that she uttered not a word; Would not open lip from lip. .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed , .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .postImageUrl , .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed , .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed:hover , .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed:visited , .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed:active { border:0!important; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed:active , .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6099665ca32591ea9dd453b7e77f41ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare the two poems First Love and Shall I compare Thee to a Summers day Download this essayThis described how the female models of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood had to remain silent in how they were treated. It also describes later how the goblin men left Lizzie after they had hurt her. This is another reference to the Pre-Raphaelite treatment of women, as once they had had their way they simply left them. The reference to hair in Goblin Market again describes the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, who saw hair as sensual and essential to a model, or a stunner as they were sometimes called. In Pre-Raphaelite artwork, such as Flaming June, hair plays an integral part in creating the female image in which the Pre-Raphaelite were known for. The giving away of a lock of hair in the poem is a metaphor representing the giving away of the characters body to these goblins (or Pre-Raphaelite men). Lizzie mentions the character of Jeanie, who supposedly met them (the goblins) in the moonlight and Took their gifts and eventually pined and pined away after she sought them by night and day. This is most likely a reference to another model for the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, who contracted Graves Disease, which led to the wearing away of the body. This could be seen as a caution to all women that read the poem, as they should beware of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, as they would lead to suffering. The poem may also be considered a cautionary tale by the win in which self-sacrifice is shown. Laura believes that Lizzie tasted the forbidden fruit for the sake of her sister. This would demonstrate to young girls that it is important to stick with your sister. Apart from this, it also promotes self-sacrifice as virtuous and good. The description of Lauras gleaming neck, like a rush-imbedded swan depicts how the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood illustrated their models. This can be seen in such pictures as Ask Me No More by Lawrence Alma-Tadema and The Betrothed by John William Godward, among other Pre-Raphaelite works. The anti Pre-Raphaelite undertones of the poem would not have been noticed by the children of the nineteenth century to whom the poem was supposedly aimed at. However, after some research into Christina Rossettis life and time, it is clear that the poem contains criticisms of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. These references give the poem a deeper hidden message that children without background knowledge, like those of the nineteenth century, would find hard to notice. This again supports claims that Goblin Market may also be a poem for adult readers. After examining Rossettis Goblin Market and many of its themes and undertones, I have come to the conclusion that it is neither a childs poem or an adults poems, but includes criteria for both. The political, social, and personal factors that were used in the creation of the poem make it a work that seems to be for the adult reader, but as these are all masked by Rossettis fairy-tale context, it works very well on both levels. For me, part of the appeal of Goblin Market lies in the uncertainty of interpretation, the engaging doubt as to whether any definite parable is intended or whether the poem should be enjoyed simply as a fairy-tale fable.

Spirit of teamwork

Statement of the Problem Primary Problem After recruitment of new employees in the company, a newly composed team/group to pursue the projects of the company faced difficulties thus making the organizational process impossible. The difficulties resulted from poor personal interaction and lack of teamwork.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit of teamwork specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Satellite Problems The group is unable to function effectively due to personal opinions and differences. The company is unable to realize its goals from the duties of the group. Implications Organization It becomes hard to realize the goals of the organization. This will definitely affect the performance and sustainability of the organization. The problem affects the working environment and other individuals have their capabilities and productivity for the organization reduced. The situation affects the reputation of the compa ny since more employees will find it impossible to work as teams. This might as well result in increased turnover rates. The eventual beneficiaries of the project done by the group are the consumers of the company. The continued problem will make sure they do not receive the necessary gains and services from the company. This will definitely tarnish the image of the company. Personnel The individuals in the group will be dissatisfied with the working plan. The inability to achieve and deliver will make them quietly and eventually affect the overall performance. Due to the nature of the problem faced by the group, definitely there will be more stressful working environment. This is because of poor communication and inability to address the problems affecting the individuals. With lack of proper performance while the individuals had joined the company with high expectations, the newly recruited employees in the organization might decide to leave the company. Majority are finding t he working environment unbearable and unrewarding. This might make the individuals give up on the job. The problem results in a poor organizational structure within the group and the company as a whole. This is a clear indication that the employees will find it unbearable to work one another and this will definitely affect the performance of the organization. Finally, failure to address the problem will definitely result in low productivity in the company. This means that the company will not implement its skills abilities and skills as it should thereby delivering inappropriate services to the customers. Alternative Solutions Status Quo Problem analysis and teamwork Description The status quo solution illustrates the possible occurrences if there is nothing done to address the situation as faced in the company. If as members of the group we do not perform any meaningful changes and offer strategic solutions, definitely things will get worse. According to the status quo, the comp any will face disagreements will become more evident, individuals will be at loggerheads, poor communication, and lack of motivation. The group will struggle fighting and will never achieve anything. This is what has been the case within the last two weeks. The individuals will also continue to disagree and eventually no one will achieve personal growth. Pros Cons * The team structure will remain the same. * Everyone will show expertise. * No time used to address the issue. * Disagreements/conflicts will increase. * A lack of productivity will develop. * Personal opportunity will be lost. Analysis One thing with the status quo alternative is that it fails to address the problem as faced by the group members. Because of this, it would be necessary that another approach or alternative is embraced because it will address the problem. This approach will not help us to analyze the essential causes of the problem or offer any new insights and ideas to deal with the problem. The co nflicts faced are personal with every individual lacking faith in the approach suggested by others. This makes it impossible to pursue a common approach and solve the faced problem completely. This means the company will never realize its goals despite that it employed numerous and complex recruitment process to bring the best to their company and facilitate performance. With increased pressure in the organization, it becomes extremely impossible to realize the goals of the team. This alternative therefore solves nothing and makes it impossible to address the problem as faced. Problem analysis and team work Description When there is a problem in a group, teamwork is the best approach to address the faced problems. Using organizational theories, teamwork promotes cohesion, decision-making, talent promotion, and solving problems whenever they occur.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re Although the members of our group have the expertise and the necessary skills, their personal ego can be dangerous since they should be working as a team. If as a team we embrace the spirit of teamwork, it will be possible to address the problems faced and ensure we all focused on the final common goal. As well, the organization should have a procedure of grouping old and new employees together because the new ones need to be guidance, and provide them with the right incentives thereby avoiding similar problems as the ones faced in the group. Pros Cons *Individual empowerment *Better decision making *Promotes communication and interaction *Strong spirit and motivation *Calls for patience *Withholding personal talents and abilities *Possible conflicts to arise Analysis Teamwork calls for group motivation and proper communication skills. With that in mind, it will be possible for the members of the group to complement one another and be in a position of addressing the uni que problems facing them. When organizational theories are in place, individuals in the group will find it possible to exchange their ideas and opinions about the project. They will offer their unique opinions and address any differences facing the project. This will make the group productive and eventually realize its goals and promote the performance of the organization. Recommendation From the nature of the case and the projected gains from the group, it is necessary for the members to embrace a spirit of teamwork. This will promote their participatory skills and accept the fact that they have different background and have varied skills. When they understand this, they will be ready to motivate one another and seek to address their differences rather than showing their personal opinions and expertise. This will make it possible for them to design the right procedure to address their differences and focus their attention on the final goals of the organization. They will have the c apacity to mentor, lead, influence, and motivate one another. Their communication process will also improve and eventually make it possible to realize their personal growth. Implementation The recommendation of a better group structure and work as a team is something that needs an immediate implementation. This is because the project is urgent and means a lot to the success of the organization. As well, a long-term can be essential towards the success of the company’s business and promote performance of future groups in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit of teamwork specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communication is poor in the group with every individual having his/her own opinions and views about the way forward. The lack of common goal and sense of direction has affected the responsiveness of the group members. This explains why there is need to address this issue. An organizationa l culture in the team will promote its performance and inspire the members to goal-oriented. Immediate (1-2 Weeks) We need to outline the causes of disagreements and determine the possible solutions to them. Explore the available solutions to specific problems and differences and determine the most applicable ones. Embrace the best practices and encourage participation, decision making and personal reflections. It is also necessary to remain focused on the final goals of the project. Make the best decisions that promote teamwork. Provide incentives for working as a team and addressing the problems as faced. Long-term (1-12 months) Let the organization start to embrace diversity and organizational culture. Recruit individuals with the potential and desire to pursue the goals of groups and organization in general. Have a HR to address the unique needs and requirements of individuals in the organization. Promote a decision-making process for different groups whenever they have a mis sion to accomplish for the company. Future processes and groups should not bring new employees in one team because they are all new and have no idea what needs to be done, and what has been the process followed in the organization. There should be old employees to motivate and guide the new ones in the organization. This essay on Spirit of teamwork was written and submitted by user Julian Stevens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mexican Atmospheres essays

Mexican Atmospheres essays When I visited Mexico for the first time I remember thinking that it was not the third world country that everyone had described to me. After a couple of days there and a little more venturing into Mexico I realized that it was really everything that had been described. While we were in the vacation areas and hotel resorts the atmosphere was very nice. They are decorated with festive ornaments, they play loud music, have plenty of gift shops, and many attractions for people to see. When we ventured outside of these areas things took a drastic turn from pretty and festive to dirty and poverty stricken. I realized that the pretty images that Hollywood gives people of Mexico is only true in certain places, and that it is actually a third world country. When we arrived in Mexico at the airport I really could not tell that it was a third world country. The one thing that really caught my attention while at the airport was that it was not air conditioned. The airport was dreadfully hot, not humid, just a very dry heat. I remember while standing in the customs line I was sweating as though I had been running a marathon. I was sweating so much that my shirt was sticking to me. The airport was decorated nicely with a mural of sea animals painted on ocean colored walls. The airport was very similar to the airports I was used to in America. It had all sorts of gift shops, restaurants and many stands with brochures of places to visit while in Mexico. The ride to the hotel was also very nice, and the scenery did not appear to be that much different than here in America. The roads were paved, much like ours, but there were swamps all around us that reminded me of the Everglades in Florida. The bus had most of the luxuries that our buses have and one additional feature that I was really not accustomed to. It had a cooler that was filled with Coronas and bottled water for sale. I had never in my life seen alcoholic beverages f...

Hurricane Etymology

Hurricane Etymology Unlike most words that Spanish and English share because of their shared history with Latin, hurricane came to English directly from Spanish, where it is currently spelled huracn. But Spanish explorers and conquerers first picked up the word from Taino, an Arawak language from the Caribbean. According to most authorities, the Taino word huracan meant simply storm, although some less reliable sources indicate that it also referred to a storm god or an evil spirit. This word was a natural one for the Spanish explorers and conquerors to pick up from the indigenous population, since winds as strong as the hurricanes of the Caribbean were an unusual weather phenomenon for them. Use of ‘Hurricane’ and Huracn The fact that the Spaniards introduced the word to the English language is the reason that our word hurricane generally refers to tropical cyclones that have their origin in the Caribbean or Atlantic. When the same type of storm has its origin in the Pacific, it is known as a typhoon (originally a Greek word), or  tifà ³n  in Spanish. There is a slight difference in the way the storms are categorized in the languages, however. In Spanish, a  tifà ³n  generally is considered to be a  huracn  that forms in the Pacific, while in English hurricane and typhoon are considered to be separate types of storms, even though the only difference is where they form. In both languages, the word can be used to refer figuratively to anything that is powerful and causes turmoil. In Spanish,  huracn  can also be used to refer to a particularly impetuous person. At the time the Spanish language adopted this word, the h was pronounced (it is silent now) and was sometimes used interchangeably with f. So the same word in Portuguese became furaco, and in the late 1500s the English word was sometimes spelled forcane. Numerous other spellings were used until the word was firmly established at the end of the 16th century; Shakespeare used the spelling of hurricano to refer to a waterspout. The word huracn is not capitalized  when referring to named storms. It is used as in this sentence: El huracn Ana trajo lluvias intensas. (Hurricane Ana brought heavy rains.) Other Spanish Weather Terms in English Hurricane isnt the only Spanish weather term that has found its way into English. The most common of them, tornado, is especially interesting because of the way the two languages played off each other. The Strange Story of ‘Tornado’ and Tornado Although English got its word tornado from Spanish, Spanish surprisingly got its word tornado from English. Thats because the Spanish word that English borrowed wasnt tornado but tronada, a word for a thunderstorm. As is common in etymology, words often change form when imported into another language. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the change of -ro- to -or- was influenced by the spelling of tornar, a Spanish verb meaning to turn. Although tornado in English originally referred to various types of whirlwinds or rotary storms, including hurricanes, in the United States the word eventually came to refer primarily to a type of funneled windstorm common in the U.S. Midwest. In modern Spanish, tornado, borrowed from English, can still refer to various kinds of storms and whirlwinds, including hurricanes. A windstorm on the scale of a tornado, or smaller such as a whirlwind, can also be called a torbellino. Derecho Another type of storm phenomenon is known as a derecho, a direct borrowing of the Spanish derecho, which can, confusingly to foreigners, mean either right (as an adjective) or straight. In this context, it is the second meaning that matters. A derecho refers to a cluster of thunderstorms that travels in a straight line and is capable of causing great destruction. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, Gustavus Hinrichs of the Iowa Weather Service started using the term in the late 1800s to avoid confusing a certain type of storm system with tornadoes. Key Takeaways The English word hurricane started out as an indigenous Caribbean terms that was adopted into Spanish and then spread to English via Spanish explorers and conquerors.Because the word hurricane came from the Caribbean, a different term is used for the same type of storm when occurring in the Pacific Ocean.The weather terms tornado and derecho also come from Spanish.

How do retailers make sure that they are reaching the older customer Thesis

How do retailers make sure that they are reaching the older customer How can they successfully keep the retail experience relev - Thesis Example Layout of products and websites (how are products presented) How easy is it to navigate? Screen Language used Promotional offers Delivery charges and methods Mailing, newsletter (sent according to previous purchase or not) Help and FAQ area Swot analysis and recommendations III. Conclusion Recommendations One of the major changes of the century is the global ageing population. As Richard Watson says in his book Future Files (2008), the ageing population is the biggest trend that will shape the next 50 years and that will radically modify the way people consume. According to the British Parliament website, 10 million people in the UK are over 65 years old.   The latest projections are for 5? million more elderly people in 20 years time and the number will have nearly doubled to around 19 million by 2050. We can explain the trend by the fact that people are now not only living longer thanks to great progress in the medicine but also the ageing of the large number of individuals born during the baby boom. Figure 1: Population by age in the UK in 1984, 2009 and 2034 Source: National Statistics Online, 2010 Hence, the 60 plus market represents a great market for retailers who shouldn’t ignore them since they not only have more time to shop than any other age category but they usually have a significant buying power across many product fields. However they have different needs, including the fact that, most of the time, they do not want to go shopping for hours in crowded and gigantic stores or others can’t because they don’t drive (mostly for seniors over 70 years old). As a consequence, the retailers have to find a way to reach these customers by bringing the products to them. Several ways can used to do so, for example Internet or catalogue shopping. They can also facilitate their shopping experience, for instance by offering to deliver the products that they choose in the shop directly at home for free. We will study in this report all of t hese channels focusing on the E-Retailing as a way to reach the older customer. Who are these seniors? As Barry Gunter explains in his book Understanding the older customer (1998), when it comes to communication, a major mistake that the retailers need to avoid is stigmatising the older customer with stereotypes regarding their physical and mental capacities as they could be misunderstood and depreciated. Age is a relative concept; we can’t really define seniors by their age but more by the age felt. For doctors, people become seniors at the age of 70 years old when specific diseases affecting their patients. For the state, the barrier is 60 years old at the time of retirement. But for our study, we will focus on people over 60 years old, the fact that they retire from their careers make them different consumers from younger age groups who buy differently and have much more free time on their hands. We will limit our study to 80 years old people who are part of the oldest gen eration who don’t really consume that much, due to their difficulty to move out of the house and the fact that they are in nursery houses. So how do senior citizens see themselves? At 65, there is a gap of almost 20 years between chronological age

Tort of Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Tort of Negligence - Essay Example Per say the concept of negligence doe not refer to an act. Actually it is a legal concept that tends to define the basic character of an act so as to prove it to be legally wrong. As per Blyth vs. Birmingham Waterworks Co. (1856), â€Å"Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do.† However, once the concept of negligence came within the scope of the English Tort Law, the next logical and plausible challenge was to decide as to what qualifies to be termed as ‘ordinary care† and what was to be the nature and basis of the measure required to decide as to whether an act committed by an individual, organization or a group amounted to negligence. In that context, one needs to mention the much famous concept of ‘the man on the Clapham Omnibus’. ... The ‘man on the Clapham Omnibus’ represented a hypothetical person who is in general reasonable and well educated without being qualified enough to be called a specialist (Twining 64). ‘The man on the Clapham Omnibus’ represented the standard of reasoning with which to gauge a defendant’s conduct in an English Law Civil Action for Negligence. The hallmark of this concept was that it delineated and put in place a standard for ascertaining and establishing the charges of negligence on a defendant. It established a general standard of care expected of any English citizen while performing varied aspects of one’s personal or professional life. The real beauty of this standard is that it tends to be reasonable yet simple in its approach and tends to bring the legal concept of negligence within the grasp and scope of the so called common man. The very fact that this standard of care does not expect perfection on the part of ascertainers obliterates an y possibility on the part of the defendants to wriggle out of the clutches of law by resorting to technical jargon and rigmarole. It is also immensely humane and pragmatic in the sense that it do recognizes the fact that an average person lacks the foresight to foresee any risk accruing by the dint of one’s actions. Still, it is astutely responsible and practical in the sense that it enjoins on the average person the duty to be ordinarily prudent and careful, without tending to be unexceptionally or unrealistically flawless. There is no denying the fact that even the most virtuoso experts in jurisprudence do tend to overlook and appreciate the sophistication and beauty inherent in the concept of ‘the man on the Clapham Omnibus’. However, the reality is that this legal idiom not only validated the concept

Erotic Love in the Iliad Essay Example for Free

Erotic Love in the Iliad Essay Eros, meaning â€Å"erotic love† in Greek, has had tremendous power over men and women for centuries, causing small and large conflicts. In Homer’s Iliad, it is the very thing that sparks the war between Greece and Troy. This theme of erotic love shows itself over and over again in the epic poem, showing the detriments of allowing desire and sexual attraction to overcome reason. Beginning in the first book, erotic love is responsible for starting the rage of Achilles. Agamemnon demands Achilles’ concubine Brisies for himself in exchange for returning his maiden Chryseis to her father Chryses in order to end the plague set upon the Achaean army. Agamemnon and Achilles, two of the best Achaean warriors, came extremely close to battling each other over these stolen maidens – a fight driven by erotic love that could have divided the Greek army. Furthermore, Helen contributes significantly to the theme of erotic love blinding men and causing citywide conflict in the Iliad. Paris’ attraction to and desire for Helen, the most beautiful of all women at the time, essentially led to the downfall of Troy. In Book 3, Aphrodite inspires the erotic love between Helen and Paris that Helen initially resists but is overcome by the power of this attraction fostered by the goddess. This book of the Iliad shows erotic love as an undeniable, powerful force responsible for much of the conflict resulting in the rest of the epic poem. This theme of erotic love, capable of dividing friends and starting wars, is not to be confused with other forms of love also portrayed in the Iliad, such as the love between Hector and Andromache, or between King Priam and his people. Erotic love appears alongside of other forces of love that all play a part in shaping the characters actions and the outcome of conflict.

The Hole In The Net :: essays research papers

Our social safety net has a hole in it. The fibers of the net are decaying; the hole is getting bigger. More people are falling through, and the people with the least strength are holding the most of the weight. Three to four million Americans are homeless according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 5.5% cannot find jobs according to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, and the figure is over twice that in the 20-24 year old age group, according to the Department of Education. A very slim minority of these people are sucking off the system, but the vast majority just had a bad break. Such is the story of Peter and Megan, as told by author Jonathan Kozol in his Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Book Award winner Rachel and Her Children: Homeless Families in America. Peter was a carpenter and she was a homemaker who raised their five children. They lived in a neat, working class apartment building in New York City. Peter did construction for public housing projects, and had a vast array of technical skills and tools: â€Å"I did carpentry. I painted. I could do wallpapering. I earned a living. We spent Sundays walking with our children on the beach.† It may sound like this was a happy family, living the American Dream. Perhaps they were -- they were self sufficient for all of the 12 years that they had been married, they had a steady income, a close and loving family, a home, and a chance for their children to do even better than they had done. Then the fire struck. They came racing home after hearing the news, only to find that everything had been destroyed. The children lost their pet dog and cat, Megan lost her grandmother’s china, but Peter perhaps lost the most: his tools. Since the fire, he has not had a job, because a carpenter without tools might as well not have eyes. He explained that for every job he had, he would add a new tool to his collection. But they all went up in the blaze. When Kozol first met them, they were living in a welfare hotel in New York, where they had been living for two years. They can’t get out because federal assistance programs (better known as welfare) tell them that their family limit for an apartment is $366 a month -- this with seven family members living in New York City. (In comparison, that’s about the rock bottom price for a week in a New York City one room motel.) In their two room â€Å"apartment†, the entire place is falling

Children Need Talk In Order To Learn Education Essay

This survey will be based in MC primary school, a Leicester interior metropolis school. Most of the observations will come from the foundation phase 2 categories. This school is a really culturally diverse school, with huge differences in abilities amongst the kids. Most of the kids come to this school with virtually no English or really small ( EAL ) . The ground behind me carry oning this survey is to see how important talk for acquisition is, if it is something which is important for a kids and instructors or is it something fiddling which has really small importance. It is of import for me to first explicate what is meant by talk for acquisition. Talk is seen to be important for larning non merely for kids but for instructors besides. This assignment will be looking at if talk is important to kids ‘s apprehension of the universe and important for instructors to understand kids. I will look at what many theoreticians have to state and look at surveies which either support talk for acquisition or rebut the thought of talk for acquisition. First I will look at what a few theoreticians have to state about talk for acquisition and so look at how oppugning can assist instructors advance talk to derive apprehension of kids before summing everything together. Piaget was one of the first theoreticians who felt that the thought that intelligence derives from the coordination of action in the kid ‘s environment. He believed that kids ‘s active building of their ain apprehension is cardinal to their cognitive development. He opposed the impression of transmition of cognition from instructor to pupil as a theoretical account of cognitive development. He believed that interaction between kids is a really strong beginning of advancement, but non cardinal to his chief organic structure of work. Piaget besides thought that when kids are faced with jobs they will normally repair on the first relevant factor they identify but Piaget said in order for them to come on they need exposure to many different positions. However, these positions are merely helpful when from the same position so equals. Adults position will merely impede them as this does non assist their thought and development as they will either disregard their positions if th ey can or merely merely follow with what they have said. A survey which supports the thought of kids ‘s thought and development being increased by other positions of kids come from Doise, Murphy and Perret Clermont. They conducted a survey to see if socio-cognitive struggle would advance persons advancement and apprehension. In this survey the cardinal inquiry was whether kids who were given the chance to work on a undertaking together would do greater single advancement than those who were non given such an chance. Children were put in to two groups the controlled group were they did the undertaking separately and the experimental group where they were put into braces to finish the undertaking. Each kid had a mopboard which had theoretical account edifices which formed a small small town. The edifices were orientated in relation to a fixed grade on the mopboard. This agreement was placed in forepart of the kid on a tabletop. To the side of the kid was another tabular array, w ith an indistinguishable mopboard, but orientated otherwise in relation to the kid. The undertaking was to utilize a reproduction set of theoretical account edifices to animate precisely the same small town on this 2nd tabular array. Findingss showed that the kids in the experimental group showed the most betterment in apprehension, ground being is the kids who worked in braces or little groups would normally be confronted with solutions which differed from their ain. This struggle, and the socially engendered demand to decide it, would motivate each kid to re analyze their ain initial thoughts, and could take the kids to recognize a higher order solution that resolved the struggle ( Mugney et al. , 1981 as cited in GREEN ) . They found that it did n't count if any of the kids were non advanced than others or the demand to be right. Equally long as there is a struggle of position is adequate to acquire kids believing. However there are some unfavorable judgments for this survey. One can oppugn the cardinal function of struggle being an issue. Blaye ( 1988 as cited from GREEN ) criticised the construct to be obscure and sick defined, missing ecological cogency as it would be difficult to transport out outside the research scenes. Tudge ( 1989 as cited from GREEN ) besides had grounds to propose that in certain fortunes peer interaction can ensue in arrested development every bit good as development. Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky ( 1978 as cited from GREEN ) conceptualised societal interaction as being at the nucleus of the development procedure. Contrasting to Piaget, Vygotsky ( 1978 as cited from GREEN ) believed that societal activity concepts cognition and understanding particularly when kids interact with others who are more advanced and capable in society. Therefore rebuting Piaget ‘s thought that when kids interact with those of more power and have a higher position, hinders kids ‘s apprehension and thought. Vygotsky saw linguistic communication as non merely a cultural tool for sharing and developing but besides a psychological tool to assist organize our single ideas ( LIGHT BLUE ) . Vygotsky developed the construct of the zone of proximal development ( ZPD ) which is ‘the distance between the existent development degree as determined by independent job resolution and the degree of possible development as determined through job work outing under grownup counsel or in coaction with more capable equals ‘ ( Vygotsky 1978: 86 as cited in LIGHT BLUE ) . ZPD represents the difference in accomplishment when working independently and working with counsel from grownups who are more advanced and capable. Both Vygotsky and Piaget believe that acquisition is active and both confirm the value of societal interaction for larning and development regardless of who it may be between as both will affect duologue. One construct that complements Vygotsky ‘s theory of ZPD is Bruner ‘s ( 1985 ) impression of scaffolding. Scaffolding is the ‘support that grownups provide in the acquisition procedure†¦ whereby an grownup varies the degree of support, bit by bit retreating it as the kid additions in competence ‘ ( cited from LIGHT BLUE ) . Both Bruner ‘s and Vygotsky ‘s cardinal schemes are patterning, demoing kids illustrations of work by experts. , showing, demoing the processs that experts go through when bring forthing work and back uping kids as they learn ( Cobden 2000: 10 ) . Research ( Galton et al. 1999 as cited from LIGHT BLUE ) shows that instructors tend to inquire largely closed inquiries which normally promote a simple consecutive reply. The reply being the one the instructor has already got in their caputs. Therefore, kids are non researching their ain apprehension and positions. Alternatively they ‘re merely supplying replies that the instructor is looking for ensuing into a ‘guess what I am believing of ‘ type inquiry. I carried out my directed undertaking on merely 2 of the kids from one of the foundation phase 2 categories, Annie and Zunaid. Both kids were of mean ability. I chose to carry on my surveies on merely two kids as it would be easier to detect and supervise while entering my findings at the same clip. The session I planned for Annie and Zunaid was a maths session. I devised a lesson program with the lesson nonsubjective being kids able to utilize two different groups to do a entire figure given ( see†¦ ) . I used 2 groups of small wooden forms trigons and diamonds. Before I asked the kids to give me a sum of a certain figure utilizing both forms, I demonstrated what I wanted the kids to make and do certain I was believing out loud so they can see what I was making and why. So I made certain both groups were separated and I asked the kids ‘hmmm what figure should I do utilizing these forms? ‘ and I was given 6. So I started with one group and counted out loud while util izing one to one correspondence, I made certain I moved each form towards me and said ‘1, 2, 3, 4, ‘ and so moved to the following group and counted on making the same thing, ‘5, 6 ‘ . I made certain I emphasised the last figure once more and said out loud, ‘I made 6. I used 4 trigons and 2 diamonds and all together they make 6 ‘ . I made certain I spoke clearly and easy in order for the kids to see what I was making and made certain I modelled twice before I let them go on. When the kids were given a figure to do, I observed and found they were either numbering really softly or in their caputs so I asked if they could number out loud for me, which they so did. I found I had to utilize a few prompts at the beginning to remind them to speak about how they made the entire figure. ‘what figure have you made, how many trigons did you usage and how many diamonds, and that made? ‘ these prompts were used in order for me to see if the kids kn ew what they were making and if they made the figure right. It gave the kids room to rectify any errors as they would usually tell when prompted and I found when they counted out loud and they had 1 more than the figure they were given they would merely take it off and say the right sum or add on another form. I recorded data/observations on gluey notes ( see†¦ ) in brief which I so wrote out on the kid observation sheets in item ( see.. ) . If you have a expression at appendices lesson rating 6/11/09 and 13/11/09 you will besides happen that In these lesson ratings talk and inquiring helped the kids to understand what I was making which hence resulted in them being able to make the undertakings. I have besides stated that inquiring more inquiries and speaking about what I am making or hold done helps kids ‘s apprehension and helps me understand how they have carried undertakings out. The ground why I chose to ease talk during a maths session is because I found during most maths session both focus kids were really quiet and frequently made errors such as numbering excessively fast while utilizing one to one correspondence, loath to number at all or out loud. I thought acquiring the kids to speak more about what they were making and how they were making it would assist them with maths jobs. That is why I decided to concentrate on maths. After looking at theoreticians thoughts and position on talk for acquisition and looking at instructors oppugning schemes it is apparent ( lesson rating 6/11/09 ) that patterning and speaking about how I how I made a figure and inquiring inquiries helped, even though this might hold helped and worked efficaciously I besides stated that I need to inquire more inquiries and still pattern more. This is besides the instance in my followers ( 13/11/09 lesson rating ) session, were I stated talk and modeling to be effectual in back uping the kids ‘s acquisition. this can be related to Vygotsky ‘s and Bruner ‘s schemes patterning, showing and back uping. To advance talk in the category I was based in, I made certain I asked inquiries which helped me understand what the kids have done, how they have done it and why. This is apparent in the P.E. lesson program dated 16/11/09. I asked different types of inquiries during the session, inquiries which required callback of the old Sessionss, inquiries to happen out what they thought and their ain positions, inquiries which required them to give sentiments on others and why. All these different types of inquiries were asked so I could understand the kids better. Learn more approximately them as persons and besides see them develop new thoughts. Once one kid gave a response to the inquiry ‘how could we travel on this equipment? ‘ it normally stimulated others to give their thoughts including new thoughts. This was good as it promoted originative thought. Furthermore, as this was an unfastened inquiry the kids had the freedom to state what they wanted without the fright of giving a incorrect reply. Normally when kids are asked inquiries which require consecutive replies, I found that in some instances they would either be loath to reply, which could propose fright of being incorrect or they would merely take random conjectures. As the kids were really immature it was more of import to advance talk to measure and measure them as persons. Although unfastened inquiries were utile in acquiring a scope of different thoughts and replies, sometimes I needed to inquire inquiries which required a right reply, so a specific reply. This was the instance in certain maths Sessionss. During the maths directed undertakings I needed to happen out what the largest figure they could number up to right ( maths directed undertaking lesson program 11/11/09 ) and besides be able to number two different groups by numbering on ( maths directed undertaking 2 lesson program 19/11/09 ) . This was besides the instance in the cognition and apprehension of the universe Sessionss ( KUW lesson program 17/11/09 ) . Asking closed inquiries helped me understand if the kids understood or knew the reply. If an incorrect reply was given it would merely do me more cognizant of what the kid is fighting with and hence besides consequence in me reflecting on my ain pattern excessively see what I may be making incorrect or how I could assist the kid in inqui ry. Although closed inquiries may hold been asked sometimes in Sessionss ( KUW/CLL 9/11/09 ) it helps to speak about shared experiences to assist develop originative thoughts. This is apparent in one of the cognition and apprehension of the universe session were kids watched a picture on pyrotechnics and had to do their ain ( lesson rating KUW/CLL 10/11/09 ) . You can see in the observations ( Annie 10/11/09 ) , she was speaking about what she is making and depicting her pyrotechnic and besides related it to something that looked similar, this suggests that she can associate it to things which may be similar and familiar to her and besides helps me understand how she see ‘s pyrotechnics.

Internal Corporate Communication Strategy

Therefore, the main objectives of the campaign are: To encourage all employee to be receptive to changes and new regulations within he East Coast and to be confident in implementing these changes. ; To promote a sense of social Identity within East Coast as a whole. To meet these objectives, the strategies put forward are: 1. To develop employee engagement, particularly in regards to changes in safety regulations, therefore dramatically decreasing the amount of accidents within 12 months. 2.To ensuring all internal corporate communications is company-wide and therefore cementing the East Coast social identity and removing the feeling of territory. 3. Promote awareness of the ‘EUREKA' changes recently undertaken by East Coast, ensuring all staff understand and feel comfortable acting on the new service within six months, with feedback opportunities during and after the changes. The tactic to Implement these strategies Includes a company-wide webbing and smaller meetings with a m ore focused discussion.It also recommends a company email network be arranged to make contact with all employees easier, as the current system Is dated and not efficient. Evaluation Includes feedback forms to monitor opinion and accident records to monitor and tangible changes. East Coast Main Line Company Limited Background East Cost Main Line Company limited (East Coast) is a train service provider that runs 1 55 train Journeys every weekday and has approximately 2,800 employees.The main train line runs from London up the Eastern side of the UK up to Edinburgh. (East Coast, AAA, p. 3) An owner of East Coast is a company named Directly Operated Railways, who are responsible for overseeing the activities of East Coast on behalf of the government. The structure of the organization Is hierarchical (see appendix 1) and contains a HRS manager and also a Head of Communications, both of whom would be Interested In the Internal corporate communication of East Coast.The 2011/2012 corporate objectives of East Coast are summarized as: ; To sustain and build on the successes IT 2 To make significant improvements in those areas where we need to -particularly in terms of operational safety; ; To place East Coast, amongst the best, if not second to none, within the Industry, in terms of safety. ‘ East Coast (2011, p. 3) These objectives appear vague and are not specific enough to show the real intent for East Coast during 2011/2012).The objectives do not say how the success will be measured and are not specific enough to East Coast; aside from the reference to feet, these objectives could apply to any organization. Sundry and Buck (1996, p. 43) explain that the more specific the objective, the easier it is for employees to understand what is expected of them and what they should be aiming at achieve, the East Coast objectives would be difficult for an employee to use for direction. For the year 2011/2012 East Coast Managing Director, Kate Boswell, has outlined 17 corp orate strategies for the organization to work towards (see appendix 2).This does not include the 27 other strategies that relate to specific areas within the business. Abram and Klein (2003, p. 1) state that a company's strategy should be able to be summed up in Just a few sentences and so the strategies set out by East Coast are possibly too extensive, though they are all specific, realistic, measurable, achievable and time- relevant and this is clearly explained in a small table that is given for each objective (see appendix 2). Newcomer (2010, up. 41-848) comments that the definition of a stakeholder now ‘extends well beyond the traditional concept of shareholders to include employees, suppliers, customers, trade unions, communities, etc. ‘ and by naming employees points out the importance of internal stakeholders. The three main internal stakeholders that East Coast should consider include: ; Board Members All employees Owners, including the government body ‘Di rectly Operated Railways' Currently East Coast has a quarterly internal magazine that is distributed.Messages and information is distributed by a printed letter being placed in each employee's tray at the main train station they work in, a relatively dated approach. Communication between depots and between different crews is limited as they do not currently have an opportunity to speak to one another. Before this campaign is implemented, search should be conducted to show a starting point to compare results at the end of the campaign. Research should include current opinion research of employees and accident records. Internal Corporate Communication Objectives Spirits and Swedes (2003, up. 0-71) outline the three basic aims of all internal communication; ensuring the information being communicated is understood, accepted by employees, with acceptance of the messages content, intent, relevance and merit; the majority of employees achieve the motivation, direction, information, or par ticipation intended by the message; and the aim of improving internal dialogue s achieved, which will then have a rippling effect on other areas of the business, such as product quality, sales, performance and, ultimately, customer satisfaction.This campaign will not consider any other area of internal communication, only Internal corporate communication. Internal corporate communication and its position among other internal communication areas is shown in the Internal Communication Matrix proposed by Welch (2007, up. 177-198) and gives possible internal corporate communication goals for an organization, such as to ‘promote awareness of its changing organization' and promote commitment to the organization' (see appendix 3). Internal corporate communication is concerned with communication to all employees from a top level.Throughout a welcome pack available on the East Coast website (2010), East Coast make regular references to the relationship they strive to create with staff. Page four states that they want to make East Coast a great place to work by keeping staff safe and encouraging employees to work as a team. On page five, four key values are outlined that all East Cast staff should aim to be. These are; be focused; be insistent; be human (placing people in the centre of the business); and be progressive.The board of East Coast also has an Employee Director to ensure that issues surrounding employees and employee communication are at a board room level (East Coast, Bibb, p. 5). Argentina (1996, p. 80) notes that organizations have ‘become more focused on retaining a happy workforce with changing values and different demographics, they have necessarily had to think more seriously about how they communicate with employees' and this is obviously something that East Coast has taken seriously.The objectives suggested for East Coast to ensure they work awards the corporate objectives of the organization (outlined on page 4), therefore ensuring inter nal communications is seen as a management function, are: sense of social identity within East Coast as a whole. Internal Corporate Communication Strategy A key theory for internal corporate communications is Media Richness Theory, especially in a large corporate such as East Coast. Media Richness is defined by Sock (2010 p. 0) saying ‘in this theory, different media are classified according to their degree of richness, which varies depending on the degree to which media incorporate certain characteristics. Four main characteristics define the richness of a medium, according to media richness theory. Two of them are the medium's ability to convey multiple communication tools (such as facial expression and intonations) and enable immediate feedback on the message being conveyed (a characteristic of synchronous communication). The other two†¦ Are the medium's support for language variety and personalization of the message. Daft and Lange (1986, p. 560), two of the main Medi a Richness theorists, give prominence to the first two characteristics, claiming the remaining to characteristics are related to the first two. Face-to-face communication is the richest type of communication, while communication such as email is seen as lean and as impersonal, though this is criticized by Sock (1999, p. 13-19), who states that the theory is too deterministic and technological development means Tanat email Ana toner electronic communication Is richer than assumed by the theory.However, this criticism was put forward by the Journal of Information Technology Impact and so may have a vested interest in encouraging the use of electronic media. East Coast may want to consider Media Features Theory (El Chainsaw and Markus, 1997) which found that people choose heir media dependent on its easiness of use and its effectiveness. This gives electronic media a prominent role in communication, especially in large organizations, where traditional media is no longer the norm.Media Features theory puts emphasis on modern media, which as seen as more appropriate within organizations as it is extremely time effective. However, Media Richness Theory would argue that though electronic media may be more time effective, it does not guarantee that the message will be seen by the target audience as many people do not read generic emails. East Coast should consider the level of media richness of different immunization channels when planning on implementing the recommended internal corporate communication strategies detailed below. 1.To develop employee engagement, particularly in regards to changes in safety regulations, therefore dramatically decreasing the amount of accidents within 12 months. Irishman (2011, p. 32) states that all strategies should be ‘SMART' (Specific, Measurable, Agreed upon, Realistic and Time relevant). This strategy is specific as it is outlines the main area where employee engagement is required, East Cost staff need to be interested in safety issues to ensure best practice is achieved. The amount of accidents is recorded and therefore the strategy is measurable, it will look at any changes that have occurred over the 12 month period.The strategy is agreed upon as it is related to a corporate objective and so it something that the whole organization is working towards. It is realistic as there are no tangible barriers; internal communicators have access to every member of staff to ensure the message reaches them all. The strategy is time relevant as a 12 month time guide is given. 2. To ensuring all internal corporate communications is company-wide and therefore meeting the East Coast social identity and removing the feeling of territory.This strategy aims to increases the social identity within East Coast. Information provided by Module Partner (2011) found that different depots all have their own social identity, and communication between different depots is limited. Seaports (1989, up. 20-39) explains that socia l identity is vital to ensure all staff feel part of the team. Currently different depots at East Coast receive their internal communication at different times, by unifying these and creating company-wide internal corporate miscommunication this will increase the sense of social identity. . Promote awareness of the ‘EUREKA' changes recently undertaken by East Coast, ensuring all staff understand and feel comfortable acting on the new service within six months, with feedback opportunities during and after the changes. This is SMART because it is specific to the new Eureka system that has recently been introduced at East Coast which involves a complete overhaul of the way the first class service is ran. The strategy is measurable as it states that there will be feedback opportunities to evaluate and measure the success of the communication.It is agreed upon as the EUREKA system NAS already Eden put Into place, tons strategy Is to ensure sat TTT are comfortable conducting the agr eed upon system. It is realistic as the internal corporate communication needed to fulfill this strategy will benefit the employees as it will assist them with implementing the new system. However it has proposed a change to the psychological contract, which, according to Welling (2007, p. 29) must be negotiated carefully to ensure staff does not feel they are not being asked to do more without receiving any compensation in return.The strategy is time relevant as it is even a six month guideline to have promoted the changes. Internal Corporate Communication Tactics Tactics used to implement these internal corporate communication strategies, and therefore achieve the internal corporate communication and corporate objectives, should consider Uses and Gratification Theory. Uses and Gratification theory is defined simply by Tenth and Yeoman's (2009, p. 225) as a theory focused on not what media do to audiences but what audience do with the media. It states that the audience use the medi a to meet their different needs, which can include to help fit in tit social groups (much like Social Identity Theory discussed previously), East Coast should aim to make their internal corporate communications a key part of the East Coast social identity. Possible tactics for East Coast to use to achieve their goals are detailed below. ; According to Media Richness Theory, face-to-face communication is the richest communication channel and so this should be the best practice to aim for.However, the style of the East Coast business means that employees work shifts, seven days a week and so it would not be appropriate to have a company-wide face- o-face meeting as it would disrupt normal service. However, as a strategy of this campaign is to reinforce social identity among employees, it would be hinder the aim to have different times for communication, especially as Fitzpatrick (2002, p. 60) says that a message should be available to all recipients simultaneously.Instead it is to be recommended that all staff are given an access code to an online Webbing' (an online seminar) to view a top company director outlining and discussing new changes in both safety and the EUREKA system, with comment thread available for staff to add their views and comment. This should then be followed up with smaller groups (maximum 50 people) being put together dependent on employees work schedule, ensuring that people from different depots are mixed in each group, and then holding more targeted sessions to go over these changes and discuss them in more detail.Currently staffs are told about meetings via a letter being put in their individual tray at their main train station, though discussions with the Module Partner (2011) found that these are often left unchecked for months at a time, and so it may be more efficient if staff email network was arranged to help implement all internal corporate communications. This would save time and cost and would ensure that all staff receives the message intended for them at the same time and makes other areas of internal communication simpler, therefore encouraging the East Coast social identity.In keeping with Media Features Theory also, it means that an efficient and easy to use communication channel is being used, email, as employees could access their emails from home. This should then be followed up with documents to reiterate the messages of the seminar and Webbing' and should also be discussed in the internal magazine. This help to fulfill the objectives and strategies laid out previously In tons report It takes people out IT tenet current social groups Walton ten organization and encourages them to mix with other members of staff.It helps employees feel confident in implementing the changes that have come with EUREKA and with the regularly updated safety regulations, therefore improving service and safety. This would set up a new format for internal corporate communication to be carried out, along with the internal magazine that is already in place. Internal Corporate Communication Evaluation Watson and Noble (2007, p. 39) detail the value of evaluation within planned communication, and say that it is important as it tells directors what is working and what is not, once again helping to cement communications as a management function.To evaluate this campaign, East Coast should ensure research is done before implementing the campaign to have a base to compare the results with. After the allotted time frame given in the strategy is complete final evaluation will have to be conducted (as well as continuous evaluation throughout to ensure any required changes are made). Feedback forms will be given to all employees to measure how nonevent people feel about the changes and to receive feedback on the communication in general so that any changes can be incorporated next time.The feedback forms should be multiple choice questions with room for comments also. This data can then be quantified to hopefu lly support the basis for the campaign. This should then be compared with research conducted at the start of the campaign to display any changes in opinion. Internal corporate communicators should also monitor the comments left on the webbing page and take into account any issues raised here. They should gather the information and monitor the opinion of the employees, which should be compared with the opinion research conducted at the beginning of the campaign.

Builders pf great Rome essays

Builders pf great Rome essays Builders of a Beautiful Kingdom The Ancient Roman culture had a direct impact on how we view art, literature, architecture, education and religion. Early Roman civilizations were very sophisticated and idealistic. They build great architectural buildings and performed famous playwrights at these ancient places. Romans were considered to most advanced civilization of their time. With beautiful statues, well designed buildings, and some of the greatest philosophers came from Rome. One of the most noticeable characteristics of Roman society and culture is the impact of the Greeks. Greek civilization played an increasing role in Roman culture. Greek ambassadors, merchants, and artists traveled to Rome and spread Greek thought and practices. After Romes conquest of the Hellenistic Kingdoms, Roman military commanders shipped Greek art and ancient manuscript back to Rome. Every area of Roman life, from literature and philosophy to religion and education, was influenced by Greek models. Greeks were in much deman d as tutors, musicians, doctors, and artists. Latin translations of Greek plays for presentation at public festivals introduced Romans to the world of Greek theater. The Romans wore Greek costumes and Greek masks. The Romans were also dependent on the Greeks for artistic inspiration. In the third and second centuries B.C. the Romans adopted many features of the Hellenistic style of art. The Romans excelled in achitecture and in beautiful are. They also built bridges and aqueducts, amphitheaters, and tenement buildings, the Romans also constructed a series of highways that traversed the Roman word and linked it all together. The Romans also developed a taste for Greek statures which they placed not only in public buildings, but in their private houses. Greek knowledge was a crucial ingredient in education, schools taught by professional teachers emerged to supply this need. The ...

Irregular Plurals Spelling Tricks You Need to Know

Irregular Plurals Spelling Tricks You Need to Know Irregular Plurals: Spelling Tricks You Need to Know Why, English? Why do you do this to us? Whenever we think we’ve figured out the rules, it turns out you have a bunch of counterexamples tucked away somewhere in the dictionary. Possibly the most famous way the English language likes to keep us guessing is with irregular plural nouns. These are words that don’t follow the usual spelling convention of adding an â€Å"-s† to make a plural (for instance, â€Å"one dog† becomes â€Å"many dogs†). Words that end in a â€Å"-y† are one example, but there are plenty of others. Luckily, we have some guidelines for spelling different kinds of irregular plural. It all depends on how the word ends†¦ Words Ending â€Å"-f† or â€Å"-fe† When a word ends in an â€Å"s include: Singular Plural Half Halves Life Lives Scarf Scarves This does not apply when a word ends in a â€Å"-ff,† so â€Å"sheriff† becomes â€Å"sheriffs† (not â€Å"sherives†). Other exceptions include chiefs† and â€Å"beliefs.† Words Ending â€Å"-us† Often originating in Latin, words that end in â€Å"-us† typically take an â€Å"-i† in plural form, such as when â€Å"cactus† becomes â€Å"cacti†: Singular Plural Abacus Abaci Nucleus Nuclei Hippopotamus Hippopotami Again, there are exceptions to this rule, notably â€Å"virus† (which becomes â€Å"viruses†) and â€Å"octopus† (for which â€Å"octopuses† – not â€Å"octopi† – is the standard plural). Likewise, hippopotamuses and abacuses are now also commonly accepted as correct variations of the older Latin spellings. Word Ending â€Å"-on† or â€Å"-um† Other Latin-derived word endings to look out for include â€Å"-on† and â€Å"-um,† both of which take an â€Å"-a† when forming a plural (so â€Å"criterion† becomes â€Å"criteria† and â€Å"stadium† becomes â€Å"stadia†). Additional examples include: Singular Plural Phenomenon Phenomena Millennium Millennia Automaton Automata Bacterium Bacteria Words Ending â€Å"-is† or â€Å"-ix† Words with Latin or Greek origins and â€Å"-is,† â€Å"-ex† or â€Å"-ix† endings tend to change to â€Å"-es† or â€Å"-ices† in their plural forms, so â€Å"analysis† becomes â€Å"analyses† and â€Å"appendix† becomes â€Å"appendices†: Singular Plural Crisis Crises Dominatrix Dominatrices Axis Axes Vortex Vortices Words that Change Vowel Sounds To make matters even more confusing, some words change their vowel sound completely when forming a plural, like how â€Å"foot† becomes â€Å"feet†. See also: Singular Plural Woman Women Tooth Teeth Mouse Mice Words that Stay the Same Some irregular plurals actually stay the same as the singular form of the word. Examples include â€Å"squid,† â€Å"sheep,† â€Å"fish,† and â€Å"species.† For instance, both â€Å"a fish† (singular) and â€Å"a shoal of fish† (plural) are correct. It’s also worth noting that uncountable nouns, like â€Å"water† or â€Å"sand,† stay the same regardless of the amount being described.

Contrast and compare 'karnak cafe' and 'The day the leader was killed' Literature review

Contrast and compare 'karnak cafe' and 'The day the leader was killed' by Naghuib Mahfouz - Literature review Example The mutual interaction over delicate situations between the characters reveal in the most natural way, the convictions for which the novel stands for. This is the uniqueness of the writing style of the author. As the story develops, it becomes poignant without losing its ground and reality. Mahfouz has created a sensational and beautiful character in Qurunfula, the proprietress of Cafe. She is just like the oases in desert. The stern author becomes an entirely different man when he portrays her character. He turns a poet in adoring her qualities of head and heart. How she puts up with the vicissitudes of life is brilliantly elucidated by the author. How intelligently she detaches from her glorious past and maintains her essential dignity as a common individual, is a lesson for womenfolk in any part of the world. Contrast†¦.2 The protagonist, though entered the Cafe, by chance, he was surprised to see Qurunfula there in her new role. He describes his past relationship with her in a cryptic style. Mahfouz (2008, p.4) writes, â€Å"We had never had any kind of relationship, whether of affection, self-interest, or simply courtesy.† How and to what extent she is able to retain her past beauty of the body and nobility of soul! Here is another masterful description of the Karnak Cafe with the presence of Qurunfula. Mahfouz (p.5) writes, â€Å"Here you get to sense past and present, in a warm embrace, the sweet past and glorious present. To top it all, there is that enticement that the unknown brings.† The author has intelligently analyzed the contemporary ground realities of the Egyptian government. Though the governments change, nothing much happens to improve the social and economic conditions of the common people. The author touches upon the issues, how psychological imprisonment works in a seemingly free society, how an atmosphere of fear persists and how people are subjugated. No positive improvement is seen to break the age-old societal tradit ions, the freedom of the individuals is not guaranteed. It is a peculiar type of society of mutual suspicion. No violent or radical reactions are depicted in the novel from the side of the government or from the people, though! The discontent of the people is seething within and they are compelled to carry on with the available discipline and remain amenable to the bitter realities of the Cairo-world from where political power is unleashed. Kanak Cafe is sort of a ‘mini parliament’ of the people where a cross-section of the people meets. An attempt has been made by the author to depict the generation gap that was Contrast†¦.3 emerging in the society, the clash of the values of the old and the combustible younger generation. The legendary former dancer Qurunfula is the link, and the ambience created by her is to the liking of both the old and new, for strange reasons. Perfect human values, love and affection springs forth in that Cafe, and the people gather there, f ind psychological relief by discussing the hot political issues and by tendering varied reactions. The disappearance of the three young customers of the Cafe, create terror in the hearts of the customers. Various guesses float forth about their fates. Secret police took them to an unknown destination and they were cruelly tortured. The pleasant atmosphere in the Cafe stands vitiated due to mistrust with the fear that someone amongst them is the police informer. The heaven of

Prejudice and Biases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prejudice and Biases - Assignment Example He or she ought not to think about their particular ethnicity or maybe religious beliefs. In the scenario certainly where a leader will be prejudiced, he or she will certainly disregard the judgments or maybe tip associated with some others that could be equally vital. Some sort of leaders whos going to be prejudiced will develop an enormous space for those who are seeking both white-colored scruff of the neck and maybe azure scruff of the neck careers (Innis, 2008). It is also identified in that leaders that have a sturdy bias work with a great deal of demand handle management, because it isnt a real high quality of any leader. Instead, the leader needs to be clear of bias as a way to work with liability within their management (Whitley & Kite 2006). The best way to handle bias is usually to avoid the gross splendor of individuals, this is because it has been identified in that once a person is often discerning other people she or he will start to grasp bias; therefore it is in order to avoid splendor in order to avoid bias. The actual leaders can be careful of these terminologies in order to prevent the way it regards bias, this is because once they are making their language imperative she or he wont take into account different languages. An excellent leader shouldnt embrace or perhaps inspire biases inside their division of function. An example, in a situation in which a couple distinct employees in an organization are experiencing a quarrel, whenever they go to a biased boss he or she will not likely consider the fascination from the other party of different ethnic group. He or she will certainly will not able to solve the condition available (Whitley & Kite 2006). Sometimes some boss who are biased can look at themselves over others, any situation that can be excellent or even efficient they can decide to put for themselves. In order for leader to

Managing and leading people 01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing and leading people 01 - Essay Example Based on some critical research findings related to culture, this report intends to focus mainly on its implications on labour legislation, human resource management (HRM), leadership and people management, cross-border negotiations, knowledge management etc and any other issues that might get noticed during literature study. Finally, conclusions will be drawn based on key findings and applicable recommendations will be made if required. Impact of culture on industry and economics has been established through numerous research and studies throughout the world; the main study that stands out in this sphere is that conducted by Hofstede (1980) whose pioneering work in this sphere has opened up new ways to approach business and management in the international contexts. These studies revealed that national culture has an impact on social norms, which in turn influence work-related values of individuals; and that national culture influences the corporate culture through the kind of policies, practices and procedures followed in the organisation. Values of business owners get translated into practices for employee management. Hofstede’s work identified five dimensions of national culture that get translated into, or influence, management practices. These include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-feminity, and time orientation (French et al., 2011). Following Hofstede, ma ny other studies on culture and its impact on management have been conducted with significant findings. Trompenaars and Turner (1993) identified seven dimensions; and Hall’s (1989) work identified aspects of communication that could have different meanings in different cultures. The project GLOBE by House et al., (1997) is yet another groundbreaking work to determine impact of culture on various management aspects (Steers, Sanchez- Runde & Nardon,

Issue of Urban Sprawl in Regina

Issue of Urban Sprawl in Regina Ryan Boychuk Urban Issue of Urban Sprawl in Regina Introduction Urban Sprawl continues to be the trend of city growth in Canada. In the city of Regina, urban sprawl is a problem that needs to be addressed among the city planners. Negative effects of urban sprawl include, but are not limited to, increase in public expenditure, auto reliance, health, environment and social living. The purpose of this paper is to offer an empirical investigation of the factors proposed as generators of urban sprawl. The Auto Eccentric City Many believe as Salingaros (2006, p. 114) that, Sprawl exists only because it is an outgrowth of car activities. Thus, the focus here is on how auto reliance contributes to sprawl in Canada. Regina, like many other Canadian cities, is a very auto eccentric city. Sprawling communities are a major contributor to climate change and air pollution, in part because they require so much automotive transportation, which is heavily dependent on energy consumption from fossil fuels, the biggest source of greenhouse gases. Since 2005 Canadian vehicles have contributed to approximately 170Mt in C02 emissions. This number is due to the sheer amount of people in Canada that rely on vehicles to go virtually everywhere. According to data from the General Social Survey (GSS) on time use, the proportion of people aged 18 and over who went everywhere by car as either a driver or a passenger rose from 68% in 1992, to 70% in 1998 and then 74% in 2005. This rising trend in auto culture inadvertently cause s a push for more roads, more suburbs, successfully created more urban sprawl. As Regina continues to grow outwards and push for suburban development city plans are contributing to this ever growing traffic problem,. Not only is this detrimental to the environment but the lifestyle itself is unsustainable. The excessive use of fossil fuels in this auto reliant culture will eventually cause many irreversible problems in the future. The Increase of Public Expenditure The debate over the base tax proposal has revealed that Regina is a deeply divided city. The building industry, real estate interests, business organizations and people living in more expensive homes pushed the city council to impose a $400 base tax on residential property. The base tax would have shifted some of the burden of property taxation from those in the new suburban areas to homeowners who live in the older areas of Regina and have lower valued property. Low density development in outlying areas requires much higher expenditures on infrastructure and services, and this leads to reduced spending in the older city areas. Regina is following the pattern. Inner City Decline Christopher Leo of the University of Winnipeg has studied the problem of inner city decline and how the city is affected by this process. When a metropolitan area is divided into neighborhoods where poverty predominates and others were comfortable circumstances are the rule, it is inevitable that there will be a concentration of social problems in the poor areas. And where social problems predominate, lawlessness follows. Increasing crime and growing poverty lead to the decay of some downtown neighbourhoods. The neighbourhood profiles for Regina prepared by city staff using 1996 census figures highlight the effects of local urban sprawl development. For the city as a whole, household income averaged $45,000; for the central zone, it was only $29,000 and lower still in the Core and North Central areas. For the city as a whole, only 35% of homes were rented compared to 59% in the Central Zone and 71% in the Core area. Single parent families and Aboriginal people are much more likely to be found in the Central zone neighborhoods. To present date, little has been accomplished in combating this issue at hand. Gang violence has been a problem that the residents of North Central Regina have been constantly at arms with. According to a 2005 study done by the Criminal Intelligence Service Saskatchewan, there are approximately 500 gang members and associates operating out of Regina, Saskatoon and Prince Albert. Not only is the economic viability and safety of the community threatened, but also the residents are left feeling alienated. People living in these areas feel afraid to leave their houses, go to the park or even participate in community reinforcement activities. The NCCA is currently trying to get it’s funding to bring back the RAGS program and hopefully reduce gang violence in Regina. Rise of The Box Store James Howard Kunstler argues in The Geography of Nowhere that the box store is a form of corporate colonialism, going into distant places and strip-mining them culturally and economically†. Economist Tom Muellers studies found that 84% of Wal-Marts sales came from other businesses. For every two jobs created in a warehouse store, three are lost. They dont buy from local manufacturers or producers but larger national firms. Dairyland Foods, our prairie farmer-owned co-operative, recently sold out to Saputo Inc., a large private firm. Dairy farmers were told that if they did not get bigger and faster they would lose access to the national grocery retailers. The most widely-cited study of the box store phenomenon was done by Ken Stone. Ken was an economics professor at Iowa State University and he monitored the impact of Wal-Mart on Iowa between 1983 and 1993. The state lost 555 grocery stores, 298 hardware stores, 293 building suppliers, 269 clothing stores, 161 variety stores, 1 53 shoe stores, and 116 drug stores. A total of 7,326 businesses went under.10 It’s hard to see the positivity in light of this box store epidemic. This was a shocking number for me but taking a drive down victoria you can see this as an evident problem in regina. These stores do not only pose a threat economically but also culturally. Cities characters have been stripped as there unique local business have been outmatched. This in turn has created a very Dull homogenized atmosphere within Regina and cities in other areas of the world. The Effects on Health Sprawl affects us in surprising ways. It cuts into our precious free time and contributes to expanding our waistlines. A commuter who drives just one hour each day spends the equivalent of nine working weeks a year in a car. Researchers have found that people living in sprawling suburbs spend less time walking and weigh up to six pounds more than those living in pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods. According to Ontario College of Family Physicians, there are five main health effects due to urban sprawl. These effects of urban sprawl are as follows, Commuting and driver stress, loss of natural environment, loss of social capital, loss of community and negative effects towards childhood development. †In these spread-out communities, homes are separated from schools, workplaces, stores and services, forcing people to drive virtually everywhere. More time driving means less time with family and friends, less time for oneself, and less time to engage in community activities. 1 Research shows that urban sprawl commuters spend 3 to 4 times more hours driving than individuals living in well-planned, dense communities.† 2 Those extra hours that we spend driving in cities such as Regina contribute to more back pain, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, asthma, headaches and stress. There is also research stating that traffic congestion also has adverse effects on ones blood pressure, mood frustration tolerance, illness frequency, work absences, job stability, and overall life satisfaction. Taking all this into account you can see that these additional stresses on our lives can contribute to depression, home abuse and many other damaging social problems prevalent in our society. â€Å"Thousands of pedestrians and drivers die every year in North America. The anguish and emotional scarring caused by the death of a loved one, permanent disabilities and related pain and suffering greatly impacts at every level of our social structure. 14% of traffic accident survivors have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 10 and 25% have psychiatric problems one year after an accident.† 2 Road rage is one example of mental health stress related to driving that has received considerable attention in recent years. Road rage is characterized by violent disputes between drivers that sometime causes serious injuries or even death; often road rage involves people who are not usually violent. The two primary causes for aggressive driving are being rushed or behind schedule, and increased congestion and traffic. Road rage also contributes to higher percentage of accidents as drivers tend to make poor decisions in a heightened mood. Walking or biking are not only healthier alternatives in terms of physique and stress relief but are also generally safer in biker friendly areas. Unfortunately, there is usually little emphasis on walking and biking services in car culture. Environmental Decline The environment that we live in affects our health in both negative and positive ways. Animals, plants, landscapes and wilderness all have a tremendous impact on human well-being, as humans are innately attracted to other living organisms. Positive effects of the natural environment have been documented and include improved social and cognitive functioning, and decreased violence.A study done in Chicago found that people who live in buildings surrounded by greenspace have a stronger sense of community, better relationships with neighbours and less heated domestic conflicts.1 Impact on Social aspects Research today is beginning to gather undeniable evidence that cons of Urban communities definitely outweigh the benefits. Over the past half-century, many writers have addressed the isolating effect of low-density suburban development. The use of vehicles does not encourage the same level of social interaction that could exist if residents met each other on the street (Katz and Bradley 1999). Suburban residents are also less likely to take on additional community responsibilities due to increased commuting times (Putnam 2000). Some writers have gone as far as suggesting that the most common interaction between neighbours in suburbia is through the blinking turn signals on their cars (Holtz Kay 1997). Simply put, low-density suburban developments do not foster the same level of social interaction as dense, walkable, neighbourhoods.2 Regina’s policies to Improve Infrastructure Green Field Development Urban sprawl and greenfield development share only one common trait they both occur on the outskirts of urban areas. Unlike urban sprawl, where there is little or no suburban planning, greenfield development is about efficient urban planning that aims to provide practical, affordable and sustainable living spaces for growing urban populations. The planning takes future growth and development into account as well as seeks to avoid the various infrastructure issues that plague existing urban areas. Regina is currently in a process to formulate the City’s Official Community Plan (OCP), which will shape the way future growth will unfold. The public consultation process, Design Regina, that accompanies the new plan is such a great idea. We all need to be involved in the conversation about the future of our city. Citizens, Community Developers, Builders and Public Officials all need to be engaged in this process. In 2013 The province of Saskatchewan approved the new Official communi ty plan, entitled design Regina and replaced the Regina Development Plan on December 2013. In this Plan they recognized the need for complete communities,thats is, communities that provide all necessary recreational, social and consumer need within close proximity to residential areas.6 â€Å"While the diversity of housing that has entered the market in the past few years has helped to improve housing choice based on location and housing preference, there is still a greater need for residential development in proximity to services and amenities to create complete communities. Similarly, the development of below market and affordable units in greenfield areas creates challenges due to a lack of nearby services resulting in increased transportation costs to meet a household’s everyday needs.† 3 Design Regina In the official city document for the cities future there seems to be many goals aiming towards greener, more pedestrian friendly cities. According to the document, we have have had improvement overall for affordable housing in Regina. They are also making strides to address the increasing homeless population. â€Å"The Cold Weather Strategy is a partnership program with the Ministry of Social Services and service providers to Regina’s homeless population, including shelters, emergency service agencies, the City, and health services. The purpose is to ensure services work together so no one is without a safe place to sleep on cold nights in Regina.† 3 There are also plans to increase housing diversity within the city to grant people more affordable housing that is still within city limits. With this plan we may see more development near inner city areas effectively breathing new life into otherwise stagnant areas. Works Cited 1 Kuo, F., and Sullivan, W., (2001). â€Å"Environment and Crime in the Inner City: Does Vegetation Reduce Crime?† Environ. Behav. 33, pp 343 – 367. 2 SPRAWL, U. Social Mental Health Ontario College of Family Physicians. 2013. http://ocfp.on.ca/docs/committee-documents/urban-sprawlvolume-4social-and-mental-health.pdf?sfvrsn=5> 3 Design Regina. 2011. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.designregina.ca/> 4 Canadas Emissions Trends 2013. 2015. 9 Apr. 2015 https://www.ec.gc.ca/ges-ghg/985F05FB-4744-4269-8C1A-D443F8A86814/1001-Canadas%20Emissions%20Trends%202013_e.pdf> 5 GUIDE, ACS. Understanding Sprawl David Suzuki Foundation. 2010. http://www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/downloads/2003/Understanding_Sprawl.pdf> 6 Dont Confuse Greenfield Development with Urban Sprawl 2013. 9 Apr. 2015 http://reginahomebuilders.com/news/view/20> 7 Discourage Urban Sprawl David Suzuki Foundation. 2010. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/reduce-your-carbon-footprint/discourage-urban-sprawl/> 8 Causes and Effects of Urban Sprawl Conserve Energy Future. 2013. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-urban-sprawl.php> 9 Gang Culture in Regina and Saskatchewan | The Carillon. 2013. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.carillonregina.com/gang-culture-in-regina-and-saskatchewan/> 10 Urban sprawl development in Regina, Canada and the 2005. 9 Apr. 2015 http://www.johnwarnock.ca/sprawldevelopment.html>