Urinary Tract Infection

Question: Discuss about theUrinary Tract Infection. Answer: Clinical Presentation The symptoms are painful, burning sensation while urinating, incontinence and passing of small amounts of urine. The woman used Ural for about six months that relieved the symptoms of burning sensation while urination. It alkalizes the urine and relieves from the burning sensation. Patient Disposition The symptoms of painful, burning sensations during urination are an indication for urinary tract infection. The incontinence and small amounts of urine despite of the frequent urination satisfy the condition of inflammation of the bladder. The woman is suffering from cystitis with an incapacitating bladder. It is a lower urinary tract infection. It is more common in women due to their anatomy. The Escherichia coli bacteria travel to bladder due to short urethra in women and multiply there. This type of bacteria prevails in the gastro-intestinal tract. Diagnosis The woman needs to be registered with the general practitioner. The most important test is the urinalysis. The white blood cells would be cultured for any kind of bacterial infection. The urine culture would be treated with different strains of antibiotics to determine the best treatment for the urinary tract infection. An ultrasound is needed to evaluate for the bladder and kidney problems. Cystoscopy is required to visualize the urethra and the bladder conditions. Treatment Though Ural relieves the symptom of burning sensation during urination, it should be taken in combination with antibiotics. The urinary tract infection responds well and quickly to antibiotics. According to European Association on Urology, the antibiotic treatment is the first line of treatment in person suffering from cystitis (4). It is a successful clinical treatment in women. It would treat or eradicate the bacterial growth in the bladder. The choice of antibiotics is governed by many factors; the spectrum of the antibiotic, susceptibility, tolerability, efficacy in the clinical studies, cost and availability (1). The Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases recommends chemical composition of amoxicillin and clavulanate, cephalexin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim for cystitis (2). The antibiotic treatment would relieve her of the pain and the symptoms would improve in two or three days. Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin is the best choice of antibiotic treatment in cystitis. It is a f avorable antimicrobial drug for the treatment of cystitis in many countries. The cystitis could be managed in many ways. The woman should drink plenty of water at least two liters a day (3). She could consume cranberry juice containing proanthocyanidin as it stops the bacteria from sticking to the wall of the bladder. She should be recommended to empty her bladder every time she passes urine. She should reduce the use of Ural as its prolonged use could cause side effects like acid-base and electrolyte balance in the body. This could lead to kidney problems in future. In place of Ural, the intake of bicarbonate in a glass of water could act as a urine alkaliniser and could relieve of the acidity in urine reducing the burning sensation. She should take plenty of rest for the body to fight against the infection and should eat a healthy diet and maintain a hygienic lifestyle to avoid further infection. References Baerheim A. Empirical treatment of uncomplicated cystitis. Scandinavian journal of primary health care. 2012 Mar 1;30(1):1-2. wa.gov.au. Cystitis [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015]. Available from: https://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/A_E/Cystitis Jarvis TR, Chan L, Gottlieb T. Assessment and management of lower urinary tract infection in adults. Australian Prescriber. 2014 Feb;37(1). healthdirect.gov.au. Urinary Tract Infection [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015]. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/urinary-tract-infection-uti